It 's the motto accompanying logo of Network for the history and memory of the Resistance in the Valley dell'Aniene based in the town of Castel Madama). (www.anieneresistenza.com)
" Time flows like a river, but do not forget the Aniene . It's a nice phrase polysemic , so "difficult", invented by a student today.
To comment we can resort to the direct and indirect evidence of the facts, and especially on the emotions and feelings, that substantiates Strength in the Valley Aniene. Resistance also meant suffering, especially by the poor people. Declare intentions - which are purely educational-, of this small survey on the psychosocial side of feelings, emotions, feelings, yesterday, during the months of resistance in the Aniene Valley, and today, when these sentiments, minus the filter of shared values \u200b\u200band without hatred, leaning back to relive the history , on objective facts that really happened between us in 1944. Our goal is to strengthen us, currently residing and working along the banks dell'Aniene the rejection of hatred of racial discrimination, imperialist violence and war, of political arrogance. This is the resistance today. This is important to us.
" Time flows like a river ..." : of course, a metaphor is deeply rooted in our culture and wisdom. The river port away everything, good and evil, causing forgetfulness and indifference. So it seems. Even the time we can say that erases all ... Of course, the important thing is that the people on the shore of River are really aware of this and the " past that does not pass " have, that is, a living culture, rich in experiences and reflections of "intergenerational story ." If this were absent, we would have to " wandering minds ", outside of culture and tradition of the local community.
The danger is not much time pass or currents in the river (" has passed to water under the bridge! ") - but the absence of a genuine culture of self-reflection and the past. Woe to all be harnessed in the "present" TV: only images - one of which cancels the other, "and" hasty thought! That each generation must commit itself to a of the preparatory work of the past . Television, on the contrary, show that far more closely and help to stop the master narrative the past, in the silence almost "required" books and the elderly, namely the witnesses.
Prof. Domenico Federici, in the 60s wrote an article entitled-wise " The units Aniene Valley " , stating that the Aniene delivers and tells all , where you meet and are unified. It 's true. The Aniene - the people dell'Aniene - Can also tell. the stories of the Valley and the valleys up to Tivoli
From Filey Bridge Mammolo Casal Bertone
In the case of resistance in the Valley dell'Aniene (11 settembre1943 May-giugno1944) the Aniene has witnessed many events of the resistance against the occupation of Nazi-Fascist Resistance activities and those carried out by the sacrifice of many lives.
History of Resistance Aniense
Other authors have written effectively la storia dei fatti della nostra Resistenza, sulla base di documenti, testimonianze, fotografie e interviste ai protagonisti. Siamo nel tragico 1944 . Il 26 maggio avvenne la fucilazione dei 15 di Madonna della Pace (cittadini di Agosta, Canterano, Cervara, Rocca Canterano e Subiaco); il 6 giugno: strage di Colle Siccu (cittadini di Castel Madama e Tivoli); il 7 giugno: strage delle Pratarelle ( cittadini di Vicovaro); 8 giugno eccidio di Valle Brunetta ( cittadini di Cervara di Roma).
Giuseppe Panimolle , di Agosta, si accinge a pubblicare (dopo oltre un quarantennio dalla prima edizione) - per impulso della Rete per la Storia e la memoria della Resistenza nella Valle dell’Aniene – una rinnovata edizione del suo libro “ Storia della Resistenza nell’Alta Valle dell’Aniene ”. Questa volta includerà anche le drammatiche vicende tiburtine. Altri libri di storia della Resistenza locale sono: Luigi Caronti “ Subiaco, il biennio più tragico della sua storia ”; Fabrizio Lollobrigida “ Quel giorno a Madonna della Pace ”, Alessandro Scafetta “ Storia sublacense 1943-45”- Voll. I e II.
Paolo Capitani, storico locale di Subiaco, ha pubblicato e narrato testimonianze storiche dirette e indirette, anche per immagini, su bombardamenti, rappresaglie e sofferenze indotte dalla guerra e dall’occupazione militare tedesca.
Altri sono impegnati in un analogo lavoro storico, per immagini e musiche. Ad esempio il “video” “ FUI” , di Anacleto Lauri dell’Associazione VOC di Castel Madama. E inoltre in mostre storiche di cimeli della Resistenza.
Le scuole hanno cominciato ad organizzare visite guidate nei luoghi degli eccidi. Tali “sacrari” have been restored with a pattern. All this is a brake to oblivion. It is also an invitation to explore the "why" of the tragic facts: Who were the responsibility. How upset against our people, the ferocity of will to power ideologies warmongering and racism. Why do you always bulwark against bullying and overpowering in turn, our own or foreign. Why should ban any acquiescence, as opposed to those who minimize the crimes and horrors.
MEMORY OF RESISTANCE
" The Aniene not forget"
We would like to dedicate to the memory, pain, feelings of Aniensis popular among the people then and now. We realize that it is difficult to stir emotions and feelings. There is also a common heritage of feelings and emotions? Yes, only if it is witnessed, called and expressed by someone is immaterial culture, entrusted to the individual.
Aniene not dimentica.Il The river is personified, it is like a thinking that does not remove people from the mind, and made victims of the Resistance. Especially if they do not take away from the heart (do not forget). He did not go missing-and you should not release today and tomorrow-the meaning of human love, compassion for the victims, horror at the violence, the horror for what could happen. And, again, and above all, the dislike and opposition even to the slightest inkling totalitarian, racist and warmongering to occur today or tomorrow.
We felt despised by the Nazi occupiers, as if we were an "inferior race". The speed the pace of German boots and their warmongering songs rattled against our dignity people.The 'cry and the torment that united people "rounded up" for the shootings, their families, neighbors, up in the countryside should not be forgotten now or ever. identifies herself if there is still suffering, in the same places where the massacres took place, in the real world. photos, dates of birth of our citizens shot and move us. Except in some sleight of hand isolated, our citizens had not taken real acts of war against the occupying forces, but only implicit hostility and passive resistance. More than anything, as in the case of Ottorino Passariello Tivoli - Director of the Power Station at Subiaco had - saved plants from sabotage of the last SS Busters hours. To protect prisoners 'allies' who escaped the camps, many of our fellow citizens are exposed to harsher reprisals. To protect the Jews of Subiaco, had them hide in the Sacred Cave, until the end danger. Here, too, with serious personal exposure.
Reflections of today should not result in ' hatred for people of guns, but rather aberrant ideas of who sent them into the fray, with criminal orders "shoot on sight" . The occupying soldiers, though guilty, in turn, were taken into gear murderous ideology of the organization and Nazi war, which called into account also the violence and reprisals against civilian populations. not hate so why is the hatred overpowering the origin of all these aberrations.
The memory of the heart
Pondering Partial "journey" through the places where more than elsewhere the great emotions are manifested in the people: fear, loss, rebellion, moral compassion for victims, outrage at the perpetrators
A Filey , as elsewhere, there were raids in search of military "allies" who fled from the fields of imprisonment and Alatri Carpineto Romano. Venivano”rastrellati” pure i civili sospettati di dare protezione a quei militari "alleati". In questi casi tutta la popolazione, minacciata di morte, trema, bloccata dalle armi spianate, nella piazza, per ore.
A Vallepietra , sempre alla ricerca di prigionieri fuggiaschi - inglesi, americani e australiani -, i nazisti cominciarono a sparare cannonate su per la montagna, in direzione del Santuario della SS. Trinità. Fin qui, poca paura e molta curiosità, perché i proiettili si disperdevano nel bosco…
Poi, riunione forzosa di tutto il popolo in piazza, con minaccia death if you do not notice a real collaboration. The Vallepietrani - only women, the elderly and children (because young people have gone into hiding to escape all'arruolamento the Italian Social Republic) huddle together, embrace each other and can not even speak. Speaks for them - and how! - The pastor Don Salvatore Mercuri . His brave words and his impressive person, after a few hours away the danger. A Jenne , like the pain was great and the family went into hiding, as they could, in campaign funds in the woods and Jenne, mingling with the shepherds. In countries there is always a tam-tam of women that goes: " Men, escape, the Germans will try to let the military do for them."
A Subiaco the 11settembre 1943 was a day of anxiety, anger, surprise, indignation e.. Finally resigned to the worst! The local historians say that in the morning, a patrol of German motorcyclists armed with submachine guns, shooting here and there, they reached the former railway station, where, Meanwhile the Italian soldiers of the detachment of 2-300 Division Piave "had dissolved as - (" All home !")-: had thrown down their weapons and uniforms, had picked up civilian clothes, and had vanished. Some of our most senior soldier, while he changed clothes furiously, blurts out in anger against the Italian military headquarters, which had issued contradictory orders. Meanwhile, the king of Italy, fleeing from Rome, on his way from Rome Tiburtina to Pescara, pausing briefly to Arsoli.
I tedeschi, sostenuti dal generale Graziani in abiti civili, prendevano posizione e venivano rafforzati da altre loro truppe giunte a Subiaco. Passò qualche giorno in cui ogni autorità locale era “spiazzata”, fino a che il comando tedesco sostenne la “continuità” dell’autorità del Podestà e dei Carabinieri, per collaborare in qualche modo al controllo dell’ordine pubblico e della sicurezza.
Qualche giovanotto sublacense pensò bene, nella confusione, di “svaligiare” divise, elmetti, coperte giacenti nell’ex deposito militare italiano nel Palazzo della Missione e accanto alla caserma di Palazzo Piatti Moraschi, in Viale delle Repubblica. Tutto questo materiale sembrava utilizzabile, data la penuria e fame generale. Un drappello armato di tedeschi sorprese gli “svaligiatori”: qualcuno ne strattonò e sei furono bloccati, incarcerati e minacciati di fucilazione, se non fossero stati riconsegnati subito tutti gli oggetti sottratti, tra cui non c’erano armi.
I familiari degli incarcerati, in grande pena, fecero il giro delle case per recuperare tutto e riconsegnarlo. In quella circostanza si distinse per intelligenza e coraggio il giovane parroco Don Igino Roscetti , who served as a mediator and guaranteed by his person. At the end of our young people were freed. But Don Igino be convinced that it was necessary to organize in order to stay too long at the mercy of the occupants through a network of solidarity in support of allied prisoners in the mountains to the spreader, Subiaco and the Jews of the Italian youth draft dodgers of CSR. Of all these events, Don Hyginus wrote a memorial , recently tracked down in the State by Alexander Scafetta, local historian. After the war Don Igino got a medal to the value of Resistance.
at Subiaco, months of uncertainty and suspicion of coexistence.
The occupation continued in the name of an ambiguous coexistence between occupiers and Subiaco. The German High Command was apparently ordered not to tread in the hands of civilians "employed" against the risk of boycotts, sabotage and armed attacks. And for a long time were avoided exacerbating the minds of Subiaco: there were no acts of hostility.
were many houses were searched for weapons, but hunting, many hunters were well hidden in caves and barns, their shotguns. It was found anything!
In an attempt to fraternize with the people, the small exchange was tolerated: six eggs for a loaf of German black bread! And for some cigarettes. It also organized a football match between the "occupiers" and Subiaco ...
We mentioned to the Jews living in Subiaco, threatened roundup and deportation. They were protected and hidden in the Sacred Cave of St. Benedict. Many knew but kept silent to protect the Jews. Also silent Monaco Benedictine Don Paul Strassen, German, yes, but related to the goodness of the Gospel and the Benedictine Rule.
Then they requisitioned mules and donkeys for the transport of materials to build the defensive line of the cornerstones of German Bellegra Colle Colle Barrels and Bald Mountain. In reality, they were also forced the carriers of Subiaco, masking it with the payment of an illusory pay fifty pounds a day, coins printed on the spot by German ridiculous machines.
Later, as news filtered through the Allied prohibited from southern Italy, the Germans gave the "sugar wine " all'indisciplina. For the first machine gun to the Belvedere allies, forced the occupants through the work of peak and shovel. Tra gli altri l’Avvocato Pomelli . Se la presero persino con i bambini che facevano pipì sotto i loro camion militari, mascherati di frasche, per nasconderli agli aerei “alleati”, che cominciavano a fare apparizioni improvvise.
Reazioni alle violenze private tedesche
La soldataglia tentò di insinuarsi in qualche casa privata. Furono sempre respinti. Il Comando tedesco volle dare l’impressione di intervenire a favore delle famiglie sublacensi e spedì al fronte i responsabili. Questo drammatico equilibrio durò ancora per un po’, poi l’occupante gettò la maschera, mostrando sopraffazione e violenza.
Militari del Battaglione “repubblichino” di stanza a Subiaco, che rastrellavano i renitenti alla leva della RSI, uccisero a fucilate il giovane Giulio Valente , che fuggiva lungo Via della Pila, proprio lungo l’Aniene. Una bambina di dodici anni fu colpita a morte, in Via dei Piattari, solo perché dalla sua cameretta filtrava una lama di luce, nell’ oscuramento notturno. I due fatti provocarono ondate di rabbia tra la popolazione. Anni dopo il “repubblichino” che aveva ucciso GiulioValente venne processato e condannato a 11 anni di reclusione ( poi scarcerato grazie amnesty granted by the Government of National Unity). It happened at Subiaco and a football game. Recognized, fled precipitately, pursued by viewers and protected by the Police, guns in hand.
From Cassino Front
The hope of liberation by Allied troops materialized when the Highlands of Arcinazzo Affile to Subiaco and convoys arrived in the German retreat from Cassino and were bombarded by thirteen hours of continuous bombing allies, who nailed tanks and several vehicles on the ground. Allied planes also bombed the town of Subiaco in an attempt to slow the retreat German tries to escape to the North. Then the first grain to hit the plains of Subiaco Arsoli.I Agosta and crying for their houses destroyed ... and rejoiced for the first announcements of the arrival of the liberators.
Raids and desperate actions of the sappers retreating
Despair took possession of the fugitive soldiers. They went into action, the SS sappers with their bloody reprisals. For every German killed, 15 Italians shot. Along the Way Subiaco was found a dead German. He never knew whether or not he was killed by some civil ... But meanwhile, fifteen men were rounded up in the campaigns Madonna della Pace e fucilati, in una valletta a duecento metri dal fiume Aniene, sulla Via di Canterano. La notizia sconvolse di dolore tutte le contrade intorno a Madonna della Pace: Agosta, Cervara di Roma, Canterano, Rocca Canterano, Subiaco. L’” Associazione vittime della rappresaglia di Madonna della Pace ” ricorda e soffre ancora oggi per quella violenza. Altre vittime della feroce repressione ci furono a Pratarelle di Vicovaro. A Colle Siccu di Castel Madama, l’eccidio fu simile a quello di Madonna della Pace. E il dolore e la ribellione si diffusero fino a Tivoli. A Valle Brunetta , tra Cervara di Roma e Camerata New, four Cervarolo, after being forced to follow, with their mules, a German patrol. On the way back were shot. A sheet, described them as "safe conduct", he wore instead the words "Kill them as spies ! What horror!
Those days were dramatic. The Allied advance was slow: It was whispered: "The Americans are Battipaglia ... They broke in Cassino " The population was between two fires. Came the news of the killings and those of the progress of the advance of "allies", finally announced by the "extensions" of gunfire from the Highlands of Arcinazzo to the plain of Arsoli.
The unleashing of sappers became maximum. amongst the rubble of Subiaco, wandered around, drank wine, shouting, stealing at home, with all the doors smashed.
The month of May has pointed out in Subiaco for the continuing daily bombardment by aircraft "allies" in continuous waves. Among them the most terrible bombing, as we mentioned, were those of so-called "thirteen hours," along the Via Subiaco near the "Quarry" and Ponte Cagnano. It was a way to block the German column retreating from Cassino. The bombing continued anche nei primi giorni di giugno. Subiaco fu distrutta per quasi l’80%. Dopo la guerra fu conferita alla città la Medaglia di Bronzo al valor Civile.
PRIME APERTURE ALLA GIOIA E ALLA SPERANZA
Gli ultimi tedeschi sparivano finalmente alla vista, ma si stentava a credere che tutto fosse finito. Erano i giorni della fame nera . Per mesi nessuno aveva potuto coltivare, macinare, cuocere, se non arrangiandosi nelle “ tenne” di campagna. Si uccidevano maiali e vacche e la carne era paradossalmente quasi l’unico nutrimento, insieme con le erbe spontanee raccolte nei prati.
Arrivarono i primi liberatori. Erano soldati indiani e africani francofoni. Gavino Sanna - organizzatore del primo CNL (Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale) in Subiaco e primo “politico” del post-fascismo e post-occupazione - girava per le campagne presentando questi soldati “esotici”, con le parole: “ Ecco i nostri liberatori!”.
SAPORE DI PACE E DI RICOSTRUZIONE
Nella valle dell’Aniene era veramente scoppiata la pace! Cominciò una difficile ed esaltante ricostruzione. Il primo lavoro fu lo sgombero delle macerie delle case distrutte e il “recupero” dei residuati bellici (carri armati e camion German half-destroyed), fear of mine "anti-man" hidden.
yards for the removal of the debris had few technical means, as if they were digging in the mines : wagons, hampered by a simple pole, on tracks unstable. Subiaco but were still happy: it was a job, first job, which approached the time of the reconstruction itself. Fatigue and hope for everyone, with new alternative to regret the many "victims" (who had lost his house), the poor have to settle for soup, "the Pope", and clothes come from the Solidarity USA, the grain of international UNRRA-Piano Marchal.
CNL was reborn with the official Democratic municipal administration, pending the City Council, mayor and council, elected by the people.
Looking back, the Nazi-fascist massacres in the 50s someone dared to say that at the bottom of our victims were not taken with arms in hand, and then ... were not real resistance martyrs! Joseph Panimolle outset made it clear that all citizens affected by the Nazi-Fascist barbarism are real victims, real "resistance"!
In our times the values \u200b\u200bof resistance, ranging redefined and updated : Human Rights, democratic freedoms, culture, and solidarity.
Students tour the sites of resistance in the Valley will be immersed in a situation dell'Aniene cognitive and emotiva.Qui can observe, question, even with the eyes of the imagination to see the facts and the feelings of our Resistance.
hope that all these experiences of the eyes and heart, leading to improved awareness of non-violence and democracy, experienced in every situation. By committing all the resources of the people: intelligence, emotions and will: the history, the memory of the heart, the democratic will.
We thank dr. Joseph Cicolini for your kind cooperation.
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